He is known as NIMA YOUSHIJ. Born on 11 November 1897 in the YOUSH area (MAZANDARAN state). He lived for only 62 years. Although spent the life hardly and was in the shadow of death, but could change the thousand years of Persian poetry. The old sacred and immutable criteria seemed to be eternal. He showed a new way with his secured votes and poems.
He learned to read and write from a clergy man in his own village. Migrated to Tehran at the age of 11. His father rented a house in front of king mosque. This mosque was one the constitutionalist activity centers in Tehran. Their residence was adjoining the DARULSHAFA School. His first school was HAYAT JAVID. Later, he went to a catholic school in Tehran known as saint LOUEE. After some years the school `s name was changed to NEZAM WAFA. By the encouragement of a courteous and caring teacher, NIMA enters poetry. That great master was NEZAM VAFA. NIMA presented his first and long poem by name MYTH to his kind master. Historians say, the MYTH poem is the cornerstone in the modern Persian poetry.
He started his first professional poem at the age of 23, by long couplets, in “the story of pale”. Poet calls this one as a childish work. In 1919, he got a job in finance ministry. Two years later, with a tendency to armed struggle against GHAJAR government, proceeded to the procurement of arms. And also decided to join the movement of forest fighters, but later left it.
NIMA published some of his MYTH poems in twentieth century magazine in 1922. The said magazine belonged to MIRZADE ESHGHI.
In 1922, he married Miss ALIYEH JAHANGIRI, the niece of JAHANGIR KHAN SOUR ESRAFIL. In 1934, joined editorial board of the music magazine and worked along with SADEGH HEDAYAT, ABDOLHOSEIN NOUSHIN and MOHAMMAD ZIYA HASHTROUDI.
In this magazine, he published two poems, “arrogant” and “phoenix” and a long article, “feelings value in the life of actors”.
In 1938, his son, SHERAGIM was born. This kind son after death of father, collected his poems and published them.

ESFANDIYARI`s writings can be studied in several parts:

1) Poems
2) Many articles which he wrote and printed in various magazines and newspapers
3) His letters, he wrote many letters to friends and allies about social status and analyzing the poems, including letters to his master NEZAM VAFA.

His works:

Definitions and other notes.

Neighbor talks

Stories and soldier`s family

My poem

Manley and house of SERIVILI
Other cries and spider color
Broken hives (consisted of five short stories)
Love letters, etc.

HIS END:

And finally at the end of this great poet`s life, due to severe winter in YOUSH, suffered from pneumonia and went to Tehran for treatment. But doctors could not save him. And our great poet, initiator of new way of Persian poetry expired in last days of December 1959. He was buried in Tehran. But according to his wish, his body was taken to YOUSH and buried in the yard of the house where he was born.
In addition to break the rules, he had a great impact on poetic form also. YUSHIJ affected the traditional form of lyric too. As some say, lyric after NIMA got different shape and was matured.
SEYED AKBAR MIR JAFARI says: NIMA opened new ways for the contemporary poets. In fact, by the birth of this form, waves of spaces and themes that were so far not used to, attacked the literature world. Indeed, we must say NIMA` s view on poem affected all the poems. All objects round poet, have permission to enter the poem. The main difference between NIMA and his fans with previous poems is the perspective that these two groups are focusing.
Doctor ROJEH LESKO says: NIMA YOUSHIJ is not unknown to Europeans, particularly to French speaking people. apart from some translators who translated NIMA`s poems to French, some great poets like HASAN HONARMANDI and ROJEH LESKO began to critique on his poems. MAKHALASKI says: ALI ESFANDIARI was knowing French language very well, so Europe poetry influenced on his works.
Professor ROJEH LESKO who was IRANOLOGY professor in eastern languages school, translated BOUF KOUR (blind owl) by SADEFG HEDAYAT to French language. Then he translated MYTH article by ALI ESFANDIARI. To praise Iranian poet, the said French translator gave introduction to demonstrate the value and importance of poetry in Persian. He also analyzed the life and works of NIMA as the founder of new movement in contemporary Persian poetry.
DOCTOR ROJEH in an introduction to the translation of MYTH writes: Free poem was one of the main achievements of the symbolism which was founded by VERLEN and RAMBO in Enlightenment Age and was associated by many poets and writers. NIMA, was also inspired by the French literature, was one of the companions of this literary form.
In fact in this style, music and song lyrics are primarily placed. In this poem, rhyme, not at regular intervals but customized to the needs of the poet. These definitions are fully harmonized with the nature and style of NIMA`s poetry.

In general we can say that:

1) NIMA tried to fertile the experience of French poets in to the Persian poetry.
2) Ancient Persian poetry had world`s leading poems. But in recent century, poets were repeating old works. NIMA linked the Persian poetry with world poetry and brought back the value of Persian poems in to the world poetry family.
3) PROFESSOR ALI ESFANDIYARI combined different opinions in his own ideas and used these advantages in Persian poetry.
4) In linguistic, he corrected the Iranian talent in poetry. He is considered to be one of the masters in folk poetry.
5) YUSHIJ left common terms and phrases. He used a new way to show the ability of expression, emotions, concerns, impatience and anxiety of modern life. In this way, he turned the old static poetry language in to the dynamic and alive one.
6) NIMA like MALARME gave the purest sense to the primitive words.
7) NIMA like VERLEN brought up the imagination and fantasy to its peak. And took poetry in to the service of imagination and illusion and not the thinking and reasoning.
8) NIMA stressed very much on weight of poem. He believed that weight is a suitable cover for concepts and emotions of poet.
Moonlight sparks
Firefly shines
No one breaks the sleep in to the eye
The sadness of this slept fellow
Breaks the sleep in my wet eye
Worried morning stood with me
Day wants from me
Out of this happy time I brought the news
In the liver, but thorns
Breaks my journey
Thin legs of a flower
I killed because of her
And made her alive with water
Unfortunately breaks in to my arms
I clean the hands
To open the door
Their messy situation
Breaks my head
Moonlight sparks
Firefly shines
Just like idiot`s foot from distance
Near to the village, a lonely man
Carries a backpack
His hand on the door, talks to himself
The sadness of this slept fellow
Breaks the sleep in my wet eye
HIS POEMS:
Pale color story
NIMA poetry collections
Soldier family
Oh you the night
Myth
MANLY
Myth and lyrics
MAKH OLA story
My poem
Night city and day city
Broken hives
Bell
Deer and birds
Water in Ants dorm
Thrush in cage

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